Which nail disease is characterized by inflammation of the matrix and shedding of the nail plate?

Onychia is the correct choice as it refers specifically to the inflammation of the nail matrix, which can lead to the shedding of the nail plate. This condition typically occurs due to an infection or trauma affecting the nail matrix, where the nail grows. When the matrix becomes inflamed, it disrupts the normal adherence of the nail plate, causing it to separate or shed as a response to the underlying issue.

Understanding onychia is crucial for nail technicians, as recognizing the signs of inflammation and potential shedding can guide appropriate interventions, including referring clients for medical evaluation if necessary. The condition emphasizes the importance of maintaining proper nail hygiene and addressing any infections early to avoid further complications.

Other conditions mentioned, while related to nails, do not specifically describe the inflammation of the matrix leading to nail shedding.